indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
as one would expect; naturally; indeed; still; all the same; after all
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to become quiet; to quiet down; to quieten down; to calm down; to die down; to subside
no sooner than; as soon as; immediately after; at the thought of; when I think about
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
starting field which contains the November and/or December 20-point card
garden (esp. man-made); orchard; park; place; location
magician; wizard; sorcerer; witch
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
number one; first; best; most; game; round
detailed; full; minute; knowing very well; knowledgeable (about); well-acquainted (with)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
outside the country; abroad
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
corresponding to (in meaning, function, etc.); being equivalent to; appropriate; suitable; to be proportionate to; to be in keeping with
correspondence (to); equivalence; suitability; coordination; dealing with; coping with
to approach; to draw near; to be imminent; to press (someone for something); to urge; to compel
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
return; comeback; reinstatement; carriage return; CR
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
happiness; blessedness; luck; luckily; fortunately
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
appearance; arrival; make one's appearance
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then