I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
now; the present time; just now; another; more
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to tear off; to pluck; to scratch off
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
father; dad; husband; you; he
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
telephone call; phone call; telephone (device); phone
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
adds force or indicates command
report (of news); reporting; news; information; (media) coverage
natural; right; proper; naturally; as a matter of course; rightly
until now; so far; up to the present
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
curse; divine punishment; wrath (of an angry spirit)
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
police; police officer; police station
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to one's heart's content; as much as one wants; as hard as one can; resolution; decisiveness; determination
to apply pressure (on); to bring pressure upon; to lean on
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
suffix for familiar person