indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
good fortune; happiness; blessing; good luck
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
powerfully; vigorously; with all one's strength; lots of; heaps of; plenty
the whole year's plans should be made on New Year's Day
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to warp; to curve; to arch; to bend backward (body or body part, e.g. fingers)
quantity; amount; volume; number; amount of money
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
splendid; fine; praiseworthy; creditable; legal; legitimate
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
dream; dream; hope; unrealistic aspiration; daydream; delusion
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
hope; wish; aspiration; (bright) prospects; expectation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
tracing; trail left in the snow (by mountaineers); following (a trail of footprints); trace (of a matrix)
stand; rest; setting (of a gem); mounting; stock (in grafting); counter for machines and vehicles; level (e.g. price level)
right; right-hand side; right hand; the above (in a piece of vertical writing); above-mentioned; the right (wing)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
switch; switch; points; switch (from one thing to another); change
to push; to thrust; to press (down); to push (e.g. a button); to stamp (e.g. one's name); to affix (a seal); to affix (e.g. gold leaf)
Kanazawa (city in Ishikawa)
out (of a ball; in tennis, etc.); outside the line; out; putout; outer; external; exit
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
trouble (I have put you through); (your) hard work; thank you (for your hard work); I appreciate your efforts