indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
stagnation; deposit; sediment; faltering; hesitation; pause
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
collection; recovery; withdrawal; retrieval
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
errand; mission; messenger; bearer; familiar spirit
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
satisfaction; contentment; sufficient; satisfactory; satisfying (an equation)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
unexpectedly; surprisingly
state; state of affairs; appearance; look; sign; indication
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
pupil; disciple; adherent; follower; apprentice; young person
materials; ingredients; material (for a novel, experiment, etc.); subject matter; grounds (for a decision, judgement, etc.); basis
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
to manage something successfully; to be successful
coming; going; being (somewhere); come; go; stay
master; teacher; stable master
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
to become broken; to break down; to be crazy; to be nuts; to be infatuated with; to be outdone (by someone)
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
to do what one is told to; to take someone's advice; to listen to what someone says
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
arm; skill; efforts; ability
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
not caring; not giving a damn
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do