indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
cooking; cookery; cuisine; dealing with something; handling; administration
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
tool; means; ingredients (added to soup, rice, etc.); counter for sets of armor, utensils, furniture, etc.
kitchen knife; carving knife; (arch.) cooking; (arch.) food
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
tradition; legend; folklore
sea bream (Sparidae); porgy; tai (species of reddish-brown Pacific sea bream, Pagrus major)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
you; Mr; Mister; older brother; elder brother
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
flavor; flavour; charm; appeal; experience; taste (e.g. of victory)
flesh; meat; flesh (of a fruit); pulp; the physical body (as opposed to the spirit); flesh; thickness
sword (esp. Japanese single-edged); katana; scalpel; chisel; burin; knife money (knife-shaped commodity money used in ancient China)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
heat; fever; temperature; zeal; passion
community; circles; kingdom; erathem; field (electrical); border
good flavor (flavour); good taste; umami (fifth category of taste in food); skill; cleverness; profit
in that way; thus; so; so?
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...