indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
men and women; man and woman; both sexes; both genders
results; record; grades; marks
first place; first rank; unit's position; Japanese yew (Taxus cuspidata)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
exemption; exoneration; discharge
traveling expenses; travelling expenses; carfare
provision; supply; payment; allowance; grant
free (of charge); gratuitous
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
privilege; special favor; special favour; benefit; prerogative; perk
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
inconsequential; indifferent; not worth worrying about; whatever; whichever; I don't care
proof; evidence; certificate; license; to testify (usu. Christian religious context); enlightenment
(committee) chairman; president
in that way; thus; so; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
myself; yourself; I; me; you
pride; boast; credit (to)
committee; commission; board; panel; committee meeting
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
from now; from the present moment; from this time forward; henceforth
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
faint; indistinct; dim; (arch.) few; (arch.) a little
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very