indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
fox (esp. the red fox, Vulpes vulpes); fox (i.e. a sly person); soba or udon topped with deep-fried tofu; light brown; golden brown
face; mask; face guard; striking the head (in kendo); surface (esp. a geometrical surface); page; aspect
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; used for soft emphasis or to soften a statement or request; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
to leak out (of a secret); to come out; to be exposed (of a lie, improper behaviour, etc.); to get away (of a fish)
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
anyway; anyhow; setting aside ...; regardless of ...; really; truly
living person; the living
lodging; inn; house; home; home of a servant's parents (or guarantor, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
gentle; quiet; mild; quiet (color, pattern, etc.); sober
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
at once; right away; promptly; quickly; right now; this instant
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
town; block; street; road; chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m); chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
by any chance; (should) it happen (that); by some chance
possibly; perhaps; perchance; unintentionally; accidentally
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
hey!; say!; I say!; I; me
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
this and that; this or that; one thing or another; this way and that
various; a variety of; variously; in various ways; various things; this and that
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)