indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Okayama (city, prefecture)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
class (of students); group (of people); party; lot; bunch; crime family; organized-crime syndicate
popular name; common name; nickname; alias
being in charge of (esp. a class or subject); taking charge of; class teacher; homeroom teacher; form teacher
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
when it comes to ...; if one were to speak of ...; by ... you mean ...; when you say ... you mean that ...; whenever ...; if it's ... then (without fail)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
comfort; ease; easy; simple; (economically) comfortable; raku pottery
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
pupil; student; schoolchild
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
left and right; right and left; (asserting) control; influence; one's attendants; people accompanying one
worship; adoration; admiration; cult
closing; closure; shutdown; lockout
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to lose sight of; to miss
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
than; from; out of; except; but; more
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
dissection; autopsy; analysis
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of