student (esp. a university student)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
New Year (esp. first three days); first month of the year; January
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
New Year's gift (usu. money given to a child by relatives and visitors)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
few; a little; scarce; insufficient; seldom
personal expenses; pocket money; spending money; incidental expenses; allowance
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
zero; 0; nought; nothing; zilch
to face; to go towards; to head towards
count; counting; count of balls and strikes; count (after a knock-down in boxing); count (of radioactivity)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
tea (usu. green); tea break (at work); tea ceremony
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
to be due to; to be caused by; to depend on; to turn on; to be based on; to come from
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
anyhow; in any case; at any rate; at best; at most
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
juice; soft drink (usu. fruit-based); sweetened drink
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
expressly; especially; taking the trouble (to do); intentionally; deliberately