indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
living by oneself; living alone
apartment building; apartment block; apartment house; apartment
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
spring water; clear (pure) water
tenant (esp. residential tenant in apartment block); occupant; inhabitant; inmate
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
adds force or indicates command
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
How do you do?; I am glad to meet you
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
suffix for room numbers; suffix for apartment numbers
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to borrow; to have a loan; to rent; to hire
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
well; properly; best regards; please remember me; just like ...; as though one were ...
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
business trip; official trip
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
greeting; greetings; speech (congratulatory or appreciative); address; reply; response; revenge
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
expressly; especially; taking the trouble (to do); intentionally; deliberately
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
alone; by oneself; on one's own
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof