indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
living by oneself; living alone
apartment building; apartment block; apartment house; apartment
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
spring water; clear (pure) water
tenant (esp. of an apartment); occupant; resident (e.g. of a nursing home)
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
nice to meet you; I'm glad to make your acquaintance; how do you do?
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
suffix for room numbers; suffix for apartment numbers
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to borrow; to rent; to hire; to make use of (another's help, wisdom, etc.); to obtain; to use (for another purpose)
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
is that so?; I see; right; oh
well; properly; best regards; please remember me; just like ...; as though one were ...
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
business trip; official trip
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
greeting; greetings; speech (congratulatory or appreciative); address; reply; response; courtesy visit (to offer condolences, say congratulations, pay respect, introduce oneself, etc.)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
expressly; especially; specially; intentionally; deliberately; on purpose
to finish; to end; to have a result less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam
alone; by oneself; on one's own
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof