indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
full bloom (esp. of cherry blossom); full blossom
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
announcement; publication; presenting; statement; communique; making known
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
maximum temperature; highest temperature; (today's) high
degree (angle, temperature, scale, etc.); counter for occurrences; strength (of glasses); glasses prescription; alcohol content (percentage); alcohol by volume; extent
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
number one; first; best; most; game; round
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
May; fifth month of the lunar calendar
last third of a month; 21st to the last day of a month
average; medium; mid-grade (item); regular grade; same level as; equal to
cheerful; jovial; weather; season; spirit of yang
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
(Japanese) Meteorological Agency; JMA
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
weather; the elements; fair weather; fine weather
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
lively; full of spirit; energetic; healthy; well; fit
grateful; thankful; welcome; appreciated; evoking gratitude
pitiful; heartbreaking; heartrending; touching; tragic; sad
accident; incident; trouble; circumstances; reasons
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
(public) peace; stability; tranquillity
(abstract) symbol; emblem; representation
old; former; the old; old things; old times; bygone days
to succeed; to relieve; to take the place of; to substitute for; to be exchanged; to change (places with)