appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
summer vacation; summer holiday
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
at once; immediately; without delay; promptly
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
school festival; cultural festival; annual open day school event showcasing student talent
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
Izumi (former province located in the southwest of present-day Osaka Prefecture)
very; extremely; excessively
skillful; skilful; adroit; clever; shrewd; ingenious
it is, isn't it?; I know, right?; innit?
woman's level of motivation in fashion, makeup, taste in clothes, etc.; femininity
past; after; too (much); over- (e.g. eating)
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
(one's) quota; assignment
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
by today; before the day is over
I know, right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!; there we go
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
female high-school student
honorific/polite/humble prefix
carefree; comfortable; at ease; easygoing; happy-go-lucky
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker