indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
seeing two people (i.e. romantically) at the same time; two-timing; bifurcation; fork; fence-sitting; playing it both ways
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
unfaithfulness; infidelity; unchastity
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
easy; simple; there's no way that ...
to be mistaken; to be incorrect; to make a mistake (in); to do incorrectly; to mistake (one thing with another); to confuse
direction; orientation; bearing; course (e.g. of action)
to advance (spatially); to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to move ahead (e.g. of work); to intensify
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
to raise; to elevate; to move something (to a higher place); to put onto (e.g. a shelf); to increase (price, quality, status, etc.); to raise (a wage); to show someone (into a room)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
no sooner than; as soon as; immediately after; at the thought of; when I think about
far from; anything but; not at all ... but rather ...; let alone; to say nothing of; not to mention
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to have a talk; to tell a story
bad; wrong; must not (do, be); should not; useless; no good; hopeless
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to follow; to pursue; to die right after a loved one; to kill oneself after the death of a loved one; to follow an example set by earlier generations (or one's master, etc.)
wanting (to have); desiring; wishing for; I want (you, them, etc.) to (do)
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
disliking; not wanting; unpleasant; disagreeable; no!; quit it!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just
two persons; two people; pair; couple
end; finish; bound; limit; delivery date (of a futures contract); finale (of a noh song); end of an act (in jōruri or kabuki)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed