indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
seeing two people (i.e. romantically) at the same time; two-timing; bifurcation; fork; fence-sitting; playing it both ways
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
unfaithfulness; infidelity; unchastity
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
easy; simple; there's no way that ...
to make a mistake; to be incorrect; to be mistaken
direction; orientation; bearing; course (e.g. of action)
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
no sooner than; as soon as; immediately after; at the thought of; when I think about
far from; anything but; not at all; let alone; to say nothing of; not to mention
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to have a talk; to tell a story
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to follow; to pursue; to die right after a loved one; to kill oneself after the death of a loved one; to follow an example set by earlier generations (or one's master, etc.)
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just
two persons; two people; pair; couple
end; finish; bounds; limits; delivery date (of a futures contract); finale (of a noh song); end of an act (in jōruri or kabuki)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
absurd; unreasonable; extreme; senseless; disorderly; chaotic