yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
both hands; both arms; ten
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
ear; hearing; edge; crust; selvedge (non-fray machined edge of fabrics); selvage
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to stop up; to close up; to stand in the way; to obstruct; to occupy; to fill up
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
(picture) frame; framed picture; amount (esp. of money); sum
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to swell; to rise; to bulge; to rouse; to get excited
corner; edge; (street) corner; turning; rough edges (of one's character, words, etc.); abrasiveness
four (long cylindrical things)
to grow; to spring up; to sprout; to cut (teeth)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to fall (of rain, snow, ash, etc.); to come down; to form (of frost); to beam down (of sunlight or moonlight); to pour in; to visit (of luck, misfortune, etc.)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
really (seem, appear, etc.); truly; evidently; in that way
if (it) doesn't exist; if there is no ...; if not ...; unless ...; have to ...; must ...
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
adds force or indicates command
welcome!; nice to see you!
coming; going; being (somewhere); come; go; stay
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
village headman; village mayor
bai ze (mythical Chinese animal able to understand human speech, having the body of a lion and eight eyes)
representative; representation; delegation; switchboard number; main number
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
as you see; as you can see
deep; profound; dense; thick; close (relationship); intense; strong
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza