person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
regrettable; disappointing; precious; dear; too good for; deserving better
reproachful; hateful; bitter
wearisome; insipid; dull; irksome; wretched; vain
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling); depressed; slow; sluggish; important (position, responsibility, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
rock; boulder; crag; cliff; anchor
imitation; fake; phony; pseudo-
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to place (in position); to fix; to install; to seat (someone); to settle (upon something); to fix (e.g. one's gaze)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come together; to merge; to fit; to match; to be profitable; to be equitable
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
adds force or indicates command
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
by means of; due to; because of; according to
sleeve; wing (of a stage, desk, gate, etc.)
existence; possession; having; limited company
therefore; thus; well, then ...; that's right; indeed; (arch.) ... on earth?
lesser cuckoo (Cuculus poliocephalus)
character (esp. kanji); letter; handwriting; penmanship; the ... word (e.g. "the L word" = "love")
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to come true (of a wish, prayer, etc.); to be realized; to suit (e.g. a purpose); to meet (wishes, ideals, etc.); to match (implies competition); to rival
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
brittle; fragile; weak; tender-hearted; sentimental; easily moved
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to come off; to be removed; to disappear (of pain, a fever, etc.); to be caught; to be harvested; to be interpreted (as); to be taken (as)