indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
suffix for familiar person
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
entertainer (esp. boy band or girl group member) whose image is manufactured to cultivate a dedicated consumer fan following; Japanese idol; (cultural) icon; idol; idol (object of worship); image
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
young lady of noble birth; princess (esp. in Western contexts, tales, etc.); girl; small; cute; (arch.) prostitute
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
adds force or indicates command
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
lucky; nice!; score!; bingo!
lovely; wonderful; nice; great; fantastic; superb
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!