indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
half; semi-; half-past; odd number; (arch.) han (unit of land area, approx. 595.8 m^2)
rising (from one's bed); getting up; getting out of bed
minute (unit of time); fun (one tenth of a monme, 5.787 grains)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
gymnastics; physical exercises; artistic gymnastics; gymnastics competition; physical education (class); PE
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
physical strength; muscle strength
fall; decline; lowering; deterioration; degradation
minimum; at the very least
exercise; physical training; appeal; campaign; motion; movement
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be seen; to be visible; to look; to seem; to come
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
study; diligence; working hard; experience; knowledge; discount
time; hour; period; class
young bird; chick; fledgling; hina doll; doll displayed during the Girls' Festival
suffix for familiar person
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
don't you think?; indicates question
to carry; to transport; to come; to go; to use (a brush, chopsticks, etc.); to move
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become