excluding; except (for); apart from; outside (a boundary, scope, etc.)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
holly olive (Osmanthus heterophyllus); false holly; holly; spotnape ponyfish (Leiognathus nuchalis)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study
throat; singing voice; gutter (inner margins of a book)
to cut up; to split open; to rip to pieces; to tear to pieces
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
edged tool; cutting instrument; knife
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to pierce; to stab; to sting; to bite; to sew; to stitch; to pole (a boat)
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
last night; yesterday evening
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
actual spot; scene (of a crime, accident, etc.); (on) site; (on) the ground; filming location; (movie) set
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
to notice; to realize; to realise; to regain consciousness; to come to (one's senses); to come round
he; she; this; this one; hey, you!; you bastard!
pluralizing suffix; or so; rough indicator of direction, location, amount, etc.; nominalizing suffix
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
together (with); at the same time; in one lump; in the same category