now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be absent; to take a day off; to rest; to have a break; to go to bed; to (lie down to) sleep
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
besides; in addition; also; moreover
umbrella; parasol; something shaped like an umbrella or a conical hat; shade (of a lamp); mushroom cap
to shine; to be visible; to be tinged with; to rise (of water levels); to flow in; to be felt (i.e. as an emotion); to come over one
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
topic; subject; much talked about; topical; in the news
to touch; to feel; to touch (with); to experience; to come in contact with; to touch on (a subject); to allude to
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like
beginning; outset; first; onset
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
dimly; faintly; absentmindedly; vacantly; idly; aimlessly
How did you like ...?; How about ...?; What's going on?; How's it going?
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
email; mail (usu. in compound words); post; message (sent over a chat application); instant message; male
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
condition; state; health; state (of health); way; manner
to become better; to improve
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly