indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
adds force or indicates command
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
to collect; to gather; to save; to accumulate; to pile up
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
dangerous; risky; awful; terrible; terrific; amazing
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
two persons; two people; pair; couple
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
last night; yesterday evening
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
quarrel; brawl; fight; squabble; scuffle; argument
endurance; patience; perseverance; self-control; self-restraint
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to act as an intermediary; to step in; to come between; to intervene; to interject
arbitration; intercession; mediation
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
(arch.) Mahito (highest of the eight hereditary titles); you
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
bamboo sword (for kendo); bamboo fencing stick
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
reverse; opposite; converse (of a hypothesis, etc.); inverse (function)