indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
rumour; rumor; report; hearsay; gossip; common talk
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
true character; true form; true colors (colours); consciousness; one's senses
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to whisper; to murmur; to rumor; to rumour
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
black; black go stone; guilt; guilty person
guest; visitor; customer; client; counter for containers used to entertain guests
company; lot; bunch; troupe; company (of musicians)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
together; at the same time; same; identical
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
plateau; tableland; eminence
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
living thing; organism; creature; biology
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
head (chief, director) of a section or department; head of a (school) club; head of a (school) team
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to resign; to retire; to quit; to leave (one's job, etc.)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
god of wealth; (arch.) monk's wife
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to give one's name (as); to introduce oneself (as); to claim to be; to call oneself; to reveal oneself (as); to admit to being
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
no problem; all right; not an issue; unobjectionable
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
lodging together; training camp; boarding house
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...