yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
blue; azure; green; pale; gray; unripe
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
(a) little; somewhat; somehow
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
smooth; flat; featureless; uneventful; noppera-bō; mythical being with flat featureless face
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
all; entire; whole; altogether
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
gold nugget; gold bullion; gold bar; gold ingot
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
Enomoto Takeaki (1836.10.5-1908.10.27)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
on one hand; on the other hand
Hijikata Toshizou (1835.5.31-1869.6.20)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
image; figure; figure; form; image
together; jointly; at the same time; with; both
Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)