10,000; ten thousand; myriad; everything; all; (arch.) various
kan (obs. unit of weight, approx. 3.75 kg, 8.3 lb); kan (obs. unit of currency, equiv. to 1000 mon in the Edo period; col. 10 mon in the Meiji period); counter for pieces of sushi; 10 points; 12 points
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to let (someone) hear; to tell (e.g. a story); to make (someone) listen; to make (someone) understand; to grip (someone) with skilful singing, storytelling, etc.; to hold (someone) enchanted by
quantity; amount; generosity; magnanimity; pramana; (in Indian philosophy) means by which one gains accurate and valid knowledge
double; twice (as much); times (as much); -fold; 1-nth; 1 to n
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
Hokkaido (island, prefectural-level administrative unit)
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
purpose; goal; aim; objective; intention
coincidence; agreement; conformity; consistency; cooperation
given that ... it is only natural that ...; ... being the case, it is unavoidable that ...; (precisely) because ...; contrary to expectations ...
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
degree; amount; grade; standard; of the order of (following a number); about
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
outside the country; abroad
to take out; to carry out; to bring out from where it belongs; to mention something; to broach a topic; to bring up (a subject)
market price; speculation (e.g. on stocks); reputation (according to conventional wisdom); estimation
to jump up; to spring up; to jump (market, price, etc.); to rise sharply; to act rashly; to jump the gun
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
spirit; mind; nature; disposition; motivation; intention
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
precisely; exactly; plumb; damn; stupid; cursed
boo! (sound used to scare someone); ugh (dissatisfaction, aggravation); ulp (consternation)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
ambush; lying in wait for an ambush
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very