when one was a very young child; very early in one's life
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
book; volume; this; present; main; head; real
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
liking; being fond of; liking (romantically); being in love with; faddism; eccentricity
among (other things); especially; particularly; inter alia; above all (else)
number one; first; best; most; game; round
adventure; venture; venture which is unlikely to succeed; risky attempt; danger
every part of the world; all over the world; the four corners of the world
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
record; document; minutes; record (e.g. in sports); setting (a record); recording (a record high, etc.)
to spell; to write; to compose; to bind (e.g. documents); to patch
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
various; a variety of; all sorts of; many (different)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to travel; to take a trip; to make a journey
then; well; so; well then
first of all; to begin with; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
study; diligence; working hard; experience; knowledge; discount
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
of course; certainly; naturally
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to the end; to the bitter end; to the last; after all; it must be remembered; only
to grow up; to become an adult; to become big; to grow in size
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof