upper stratum (classes, stories, storeys); upper layer; layer above
educational institution; school; academy; campus
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
pupil; student; schoolchild
kana; Japanese syllabary (i.e. hiragana, katakana)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to anyone; to everyone; by anyone; by everyone; in everyone; in anyone
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white go stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
candidate; contender; prospect; candidacy; candidature; nomination
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
true character; true form; true colors (colours); consciousness; one's senses
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
wing; Chinese "Wings" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); (arch.) counter for birds or bird wings
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
class (e.g. school); grade; rank; kyū; kyu; junior rank in martial arts, go, shogi, etc.
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
anyhow; in any case; at any rate; at best; at most
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
red; crimson; red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange); Red (i.e. communist); red light (traffic); red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof