indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
narrow; tight; formal; stiff; constrained; uncomfortable
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
outside of; not covered by
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
entering a higher-level school, esp. going on to university
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
imagination; supposition; guess
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
being unfamiliar with a locality; not knowing one's way around; (lit.) not knowing one's right hand from the left; being clueless
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
to be delirious with fever; to have a feverish dream; (fig.) to be crazy about something
club; fraternity; sorority; clubhouse
participation; joining; entry; adherence
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
actually; really; truly; in practice; practically
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
bill; handbill; flier; flyer; leaflet; poster
to distribute; to hand out; to deliver; to allot; to allocate; to place (staff, soldiers, etc.)
degree; amount; grade; standard; of the order of (following a number); about
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
organization; organisation; structure; construction; system (e.g. railroad, transport, party, etc.); tissue; texture (of a rock)
management; (executive) staff; leaders; leadership; top brass; upper echelons
destruction; disruption; (application) crash
activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action; movie (esp. during the silent movie period)