indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
narrow; tight; formal; stiff; constrained; uncomfortable
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to live (on, by, etc.); to lead a life; to make a living; to earn a livelihood; to spend one's time (doing); to pass one's days (doing)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
outside ...; beyond ...; not included in ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
university; college; former imperial university of Japan (established under the ritsuryō system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
advancing to the next stage of education; going on to (high school, college, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
imagination; supposition; guess
not less than ...; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; the above; the above-mentioned
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
being unfamiliar with a locality; not knowing one's way around; (lit.) not knowing one's right hand from the left; being clueless
as (it is); remaining (in a state); with (e.g. one's eyes closed, the light on); while (e.g. standing, alive); as (one pleases, one is told, etc.); according to
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
to be delirious with fever; to have a feverish dream; to be crazy about something
club; fraternity; sorority; clubhouse
participation; joining; entry
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
actually; really; truly; in practice; practically
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
bill; handbill; flyer; flier; leaflet; poster
to distribute; to hand out; to deliver; to allot; to allocate; to place (staff, soldiers, etc.)
degree; amount; grade; standard; of the order of (following a number); about
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
organization; organisation; structure; construction; system (e.g. railroad, transport, party, etc.); tissue; texture (of a rock)
management; (executive) staff; leaders; leadership; top brass; upper echelons
destruction; disruption; (application) crash
activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action; operation; moving picture