what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
father; dad; papa; pa; pop; daddy
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
now; the present time; just now; another; more
good thing; strong point; good family; prestigious school; the right moment; utter
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
book lover; lover of books; bibliophilism; love of books
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
detective; investigator; sleuth; detective work; secret investigation
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
company; lot; bunch; troupe; company (of musicians)
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
to come to like; to become fond of; to fall in love
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
trifling with; toying with; playing with; tossing about (a ship)
Lord; Sir; state minister (under the ritsuryo system); (arch.) you (in reference to someone of lower status)
professor; teaching; instruction
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh