large country; major nation; great power; province of the highest rank (ritsuryo system)
adds force or indicates command
capitulation; surrender; submission; yield
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
trampling down; overrunning; infringement; violation
after (a long process); at the end of; last line (of a renga)
annihilation; total destruction; complete destruction; crushing defeat
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
one of two (possibilities, alternatives, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
pride; boast; credit (to)
to lose; to miss (a change, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
death; decease; (arch.) death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation); (an) out
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
just like; (virtually) no different from; (almost) the same as; as good as (e.g. dead, settled)
I; me; personal (affairs, etc.); private; selfishness; partiality
armed forces; military; troops
to take command; to give direction
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
to become attached; to begin to love
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
particle used to indicate the speaker's hope, desire, wish, etc. (e.g. "it would be nice if ...", "I wish there were ...", etc.); emphatic particle; particle adding uncertainty
abruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
sorting; arrangement; liquidation; settlement; retrenchment; curtailment
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
precisely; exactly; plumb; damn; stupid; cursed
now that you mention it; come to think of it; that reminds me; on that subject; speaking of which
meeting; assembly; gathering; congregation; convention; rally
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question