hello; good day; good afternoon
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
squirrel's foot fern (Davallia mariesii); Lepisorus thunbergianus (species of fern); color of clothing layers under one's overcoat (light green on blue); ancient women's hairstyle; clothing patterned using squirrel's foot fern
plain; field; hidden (structural) member; wild; lacking a political post
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
constellation; astrological sign; star sign; zodiac sign
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
honorific/polite/humble prefix
study; diligence; discount; reduction
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
dwelling; house; residence; living; life
judging from; on the basis of; from the point of view of
southern sky; heavenly bamboo (Nandina domestica); nandina
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
possibly; by some possibility; perhaps
(in the) neighbourhood; neighborhood; around; about; for instance; say
to see; to look; to watch; to try to
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
intimacy; friendship; familiarity
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)