palace; tonic (of the Japanese and Chinese pentatonic scale); ancient Chinese punishment (castration for men, or confinement for women); zodiacal sign
player (of a sport); athlete; team member
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
equation; formula; ceremony; style; (arch.) enforcement regulations (of the ritsuryo)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
shield; buckler; escutcheon; pretext
to defend against; to protect against; to prevent; to avert; to avoid
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
body; body blow (in boxing)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
I see; that's right; indeed
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to weigh on one's mind; to trouble one's heart; to be concerned about; to worry about
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
shrine; palace; imperial residence; Imperial prince; Imperial princess; headboard with built-in shelves, drawers, etc.
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
perfect; complete; flawless
based on; on the basis of
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
correspondence (to); equivalence; suitability; coordination; dealing with; coping with
easy; likely to ...; have a tendency to ...; easy to ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to taste; to savor; to appreciate; to enjoy; to experience; to go through
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to master (a skill); proprietor; manager; leader; chief; master (of arts, science, etc.); master (recording)
personality; character; individuality; personhood
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
reason; cause; circumstances
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking