hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to open (e.g. doors); to open (e.g. business, etc.); to be empty; to be vacant; to be available; to be open (e.g. neckline, etc.); to have been opened (of one's eyes, mouth, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to turn; to revolve; to visit several places; to function well; to pass a certain time
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
duty; obligation; responsibility
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
breaking through; breakthrough; surmounting; overcoming; exceeding; passing
strength; power; proficiency; ability
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
with a crack; with a smash
to be due to; to be caused by; to depend on; to turn on; to be based on; to come from
charge; cost; generation; age; era; a representative of; on behalf of
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
bowl; vessel; container; ability; capacity; calibre
errand; mission; messenger; bearer; familiar spirit; use
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
honorific/polite/humble prefix
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
demon; devil; evil spirit; -crazed person; -obsessed person; fiend
clothing; dressing; binding (of a book)
noisy; loud; annoying; troublesome; fussy; finicky
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...