this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
place; spot; field; discipline; occasion; situation; scene (of a play, movie, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
protection; defense; providence; amulet; charm
to penetrate; to sink in; to devote oneself (to); to do intently and exclusively; to do throughout (e.g. the night)
to endure; to keep out (e.g. rain); to pull through; to get over; to surpass; to outdo
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
state; state of affairs; appearance; look; sign; indication
for a moment; for a minute; for a while; for some time; for the time being; for now
to wake up; to sober up; to come to one's senses; to become enlightened
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
far; distant; distant (past); remote (in time); distant (relationship or kinship); having little to do (with someone); far (from something else in quality, degree, etc.)
slope; incline; hill; milestone; (age) mark
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
to become better; to improve
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
explanation; exposition; description; account; caption; legend
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
tool; means; ingredients (added to soup, rice, etc.); counter for sets of armor, utensils, furniture, etc.
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
after that; afterwards; thereafter
to fall (over, down); to collapse; to be destroyed (in a collapse); to collapse; to be confined to bed (with an illness); to come down with; to die
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you