indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
magical powers; supernatural powers; spell; charm
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
to master (a skill); proprietor; manager; leader; chief; master (of arts, science, etc.); master (recording)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
tool; means; ingredients (added to soup, rice, etc.); counter for sets of armor, utensils, furniture, etc.
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
sword (esp. a large, double-edged one); blade; bayonet; swordsmanship; stinger; ovipositor
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
now; the present time; just now; another; more
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial