what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
suffix for familiar person
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
annoyance (to); bane (of); constant worry (to)
dot; spot; mark (in an exam, etc.); grade; point (in a game); score; point (in geometry)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
master; teacher; stable master
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; (not) any
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
rather; better; instead; if anything
to encourage; to cheer; to raise (the voice)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
so-so; passable; now, now; my, my
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
strange; odd; unexpected; change; incident; disturbance
with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
equality; impartiality; evenness
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
light; well-lit; bright (of a colour); brightly-coloured; cheerful; bright; encouraging (for the future of a project, etc.)