indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
manjū; steamed yeast bun with filling
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
granny; grandma; gran; old lady; old woman
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
heave-ho; oops; yes; yeah
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
dandelion (esp. species Taraxacum platycarpum)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
temple; shrine; hall; company; (arch.) front room
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
wagashi; traditional Japanese confectionery
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
dorayaki; dessert sandwich of two small sweet pancakes and red bean paste
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
flavor; flavour; charm; appeal; experience; taste (e.g. of victory)