indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
the Big Dipper (asterism); the Plough; the Plow
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
leopard (Panthera pardus)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
head of family; originator
aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
battlefield; battleground
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
now; the present time; just now; another; more
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally