key; lock; key (to a problem); clue
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
tortoise; turtle; heavy drinker; turtle crest; turtle mon
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
drinking fountain; water fountain; bubbler; (animal) watering hole; water hole
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to bite at; to snap at; to nibble; to get one's teeth into (metaphorically); to get to grips with; to really get into
(animal) feed; fodder; pet food; bait; lure; enticement
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
needle; pin; hook; stinger; thorn; hand (e.g. clock, etc.); pointer
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
ageing; aging; senile deterioration
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
stands; bleachers; stand (e.g. newspaper stand); counter (e.g. lunch counter); stand (e.g. inkstand); desk lamp
elder brother; one's senior; older man; man older than oneself
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do