honorific/polite/humble prefix
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to face; to go towards; to head towards
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to shoot through something (wall, body, etc.); to pierce (e.g. with an arrow or a look)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
ripple; ring on the water; repercussions; Japanese slit drum; instrument made of iron with slits on top; makes a rippling sound
errand; mission; messenger; bearer; familiar spirit; use
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(public) notice; attention; public eye; public gaze
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
enough; sufficient; sufficiently; fully; division into ten
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to approach; to draw near; to get close; to get acquainted with; to get closer to; to get to know
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
erasure; denial; obliteration; ignoring (an opinion)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
even though; despite; when
to play (a stringed or keyboard instrument)
adds force or indicates command
to collect; to assemble; to gather
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you