indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
honorific/polite/humble prefix
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
such; like that; that sort of; very
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
all; entire; whole; altogether
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
to get angry; to get mad; to tell someone off; to scold; to be angular; to be square
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
amount necessary to fill a container (e.g. cupful, spoonful, etc.); drink (usu. alcoholic); full; one squid, octopus, crab, etc.; one boat; fully; to capacity
disliked; hated; tendency; smack (of); distinction; discrimination
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
busy; occupied; hectic; restless; hurried; fidgety
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable