jpdb beta

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

7

indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

1

at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for

5

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

1

too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as

4

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)

3

from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)

2

be; is; did; (have) done; please; do

2

hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo

2

that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you

1

right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?

1

but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...

1

you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...

1

nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible

1

I; me

4

good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial

2

this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence

1

only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to

1

to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage

3

so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already

1

such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!

1

to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become

2

myself; yourself; I; me; you

1

is not; am not; are not; isn't it?

1

to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need

1

hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker

2

I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that

2

how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way

1

mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)

1

and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless

1

to escape; to run away

1

evening; night; dinner

1

dream

2

once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone

1

to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)

1

morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning

1

you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she

1

thank you; thanks

1

small; little; tiny

1

painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding

1

promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate

1

flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda

1

to give up; to abandon (hope, plans); to resign oneself (to)

2

to return; to come back

1

disliked; hated; tendency; smack (of); distinction; discrimination

1

instead of; in place of; as a substitute for; in exchange for; in return for; to make up for

1

(a) step; one step; level; stage; small degree; small amount

1

society; the world; the times

1

softly; gently; stealthily; secretly; to leave alone; to leave as it is

1

really; truly

1