indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
slope; incline; hill; milestone; (age) mark
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
to help; to assist; to aid; to contribute to; to be a factor in
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
bounds; limits; boundary fence (esp. of horse-riding ground)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to dash over oneself (e.g. water); to take (e.g. shower); to bask in (e.g. the sun); to suffer (e.g. an attack); to draw (e.g. criticism, attention, praise); to have heaped upon
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
dripping wet; soaked; drenched
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
splendid; nice; sufficient; fine (in the sense of "I'm fine"); well enough; OK
tough; hard; determined; strong-minded; strong (e.g. sunlight, alcohol); severe
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
in that way; thus; so; so?
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
whereabouts; place; location; place where one belongs; where one fits in; place where one can be oneself
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
therefore; consequently; accordingly; for that reason
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
entirely useless; completely worthless; no no; don't!
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
dark; gloomy; depressed; dispirited; dark (in colour); dull; ill-boding
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
what's the best thing to do?; what to do?
to be thirsty; to feel thirsty; to thirst for; to crave