indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
person in charge (including a supervisory role for other staff); person responsible for ...; responsible party; supervisor; manager
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
meeting up; gathering; assembly; set
please (give me); please (do for me)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
spirit; mind; nature; disposition; motivation; intention
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
oil; petroleum; oil; lubricant; (cooking) oil; (massage) oil; ointment
inspection; examination; checking
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
car; automobile; vehicle; wheel
charge; duty; person in charge; connection; linking
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
business; task; use; purpose; for the use of ...; used for ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
all; completely; totally; entirely; thoroughly
maintenance; servicing; putting in place; establishment; development
arranged; taken care of; settled; completed; finished
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
dimension; perspective; point of reference; level (of something)
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
strange; odd; unexpected; change; incident; disturbance
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
restlessly; aimlessly; to loiter; to drift; to be restless; to fuss
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point