indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
missing (of a person); lost; unaccounted for; whereabouts unknown
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
strange; odd; unexpected; change; incident; disturbance
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
contacting; (making) contact; connection (with a train, bus, etc.); joining (a railway line, etc.); connection (between matters, incidents, etc.); relation
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
health care center; health care centre; animal shelter
the whole company; the party; attendance (at a gathering); presence; banquet; dinner; troupe
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to pick up; to find; to gather
suffix for familiar person
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
either way; in any case; one way or another
scattering; leaflets; sushi rice in a box or bowl with a variety of ingredients sprinkled on top; writing in an irregular hand
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to stick; to paste; to stretch; to spread; to form (e.g. ice on a pond); to fill; to swell
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
shape; form; appearance; state; situation; suitable
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
huh?; eh?; what?; oh; hey!; look!
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom; submissive partner of a homosexual relationship
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?