indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
extramarital sex; affair; fooling around; infidelity; wantonness; unfaithfulness
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
beautiful woman; (a) beauty
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sister (sibling); (Catholic) sister; sister (female partner in a homosexual relationship)
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom; submissive partner of a homosexual relationship
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
poor; pitiable; pathetic; pitiful
girl's feeling; maiden's mind
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to play with (a toy, one's hair, etc.); to fiddle with; to toy with (one's emotions, etc.); to trifle with; to do with something as one pleases; to appreciate
that way; that direction; that (one); that person; there; over there
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
to turn one's hand to; to reach out one's hand; to get involved in; to make a move on; to strike; to beat
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
lover; sweetheart; boyfriend; girlfriend
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
so much; so often; oh, yes!; that's it; that's right; quite
book; volume; this; present; main; head
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to divide (into); to split (into); to share; to distribute; to distinguish; to discriminate; to break up (a fight)