at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to shine on; to illuminate; to compare (with); to refer to
prince; subordinate Kumano shrine
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
chest; breast; breasts; bosom; heart; lungs; stomach
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to dance (orig. a hopping dance)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
leading part; leading actor; leading actress
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
exclamation of surprised disappointment, disgust, or worry (yuck, ick, ack, eeew, crap!, blech, gross)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
rampaging; raging violently; going berserk
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
hindrance; obstacle; to visit (someone's home); demon who hinders Buddhist training; demon who obstructs sentient beings from maintaining moral behaviour
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
instead of; replacing; on behalf of
punishment; spanking; smacking; chastisement; scolding
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
rabbit; hare; coney; cony; lagomorph (esp. leporids)
suffix for familiar person
unusual; rare; new; novel; fine (e.g. gift)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
study; diligence; discount; reduction
hello (e.g. on phone); excuse me! (when calling out to someone)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
lower reaches (of a river); bottom; lower part; lower half (of the body, esp. the privates); feces (faeces); end
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience