stamina; endurance; physical strength; strength of an organization (e.g. profitability, productivity, economic clout, stability, growth potential)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
older sister; elder sister
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
establishment; creation; posing (a problem); options setting; preference settings; configuration
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
war; battle; campaign; (arch.) troops; (arch.) forces
blade; sword; forged blade; wavy pattern on forged blades; sharpness; unhulled rice
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
genius; prodigy; natural gift
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
shield; buckler; escutcheon; pretext
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
suffix for familiar person
to be complete; to be all present; to be equal; to be uniform; to gather; to assemble
super-; ultra-; extremely; really; over; more than
senior high school; high school
class (e.g. school); grade; rank; kyū; kyu; junior rank in martial arts, go, shogi, etc.
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
black curtain; wirepuller; mastermind; backroom manipulator
plan; project; schedule; scheme; program; programme
in; on; at (place); as for; regarding
educational institution; school; academy; campus
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indispensable; essential; requisite; required; compulsory; necessary
operation; management; handling; manipulating (to one's benefit); manipulation; influencing
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
watch-keeping; guard; lookout
what is called; as it is called; the so-called; so to speak