this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
the way there; outbound leg; bound for ...; outbound ticket
something broad and flat; common; ordinary; low-ranking employee; freshman
fashion; way; school (of thought); class; rank; current (electrical, water, etc.)
middle of summer; height of summer; midsummer
Christmas cake; unmarried woman above the age of 25
ball; sphere; bead (of sweat, dew, etc.); drop; ball (in sports); pile (of noodles, etc.); bullet
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
precisely; exactly; plumb; damn; stupid; cursed
it is, isn't it?; I know, right?; innit?
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
really; truly; indeed; good grief
in conflict; incompatible; out of harmony; running counter; mutually exclusive; clashing with
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
splendid; magnificent; utter (esp. defeat); total; (arch.) something worth seeing; (arch.) sight
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
pattern; figure; state; condition; conjecture of the current situation; the way it seems; model
genuine article; real thing; real deal
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
(fighting) spirit; motivation; shout (for getting in the right mood to deal with something, etc.); cheer; kiai; short shout when performing an attacking move
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
to carve; to engrave; to sculpt; to tattoo