indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
(arch.) office; (arch.) official; chief; head; (Yaeyama Islands in Okinawa) person (usually a woman) whose duty it is to officiate at religions ceremonies
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
cloth; tablecloth; wallpaper; wall fabric
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
elegance; grace; article; item; counter for items (of food, etc.); counter for dishes or courses (at a restaurant)
counter for waves (of a repeated occurrence)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
than; from; out of; except; but; more
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
plate; dish; serving; helping; kanji radical 108 (at the bottom)
ability; gift; talent; sai; traditional unit of volume, approx. 1.8 ml
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
flavor; flavour; charm; appeal; experience; taste (e.g. of victory)
chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus); domestic chicken; chicken meat