substitute (actor); stand-in; fill-in; understudy; double
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
state of affairs; situation; conditions; circumstances
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
discussion; talk; tête-à-tête; conference
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
essential; important; crucial; vital; main
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
to be sufficient; to be enough; to be worth doing; to be worthy of; to do (the job); to serve
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
now; the present time; just now; another; more
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
woman; female; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
two persons; two people; pair; couple
end; finish; bound; limit; delivery date (of a futures contract); finale (of a noh song); end of an act (in jōruri or kabuki)
to raise; to elevate; to move something (to a higher place); to put onto (e.g. a shelf); to increase (price, quality, status, etc.); to raise (a wage); to show someone (into a room)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
gaining time; stalling for time; time-buying
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
is that so?; I see; right; oh
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
petty underling; small fry
lack of actors; being unfit for one's (acting) role; lacking the ability required for the part one has been given
stone; rock; jewel; precious stone; flint (in a lighter); (round) game piece
to cover; to hide; to conceal; to wrap; to disguise