victory; triumph; conquest; success; win
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
together; at the same time; same; identical
group; party; team; squad; section
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
excursion; field trip; school trip
commemorative photograph; souvenir photograph
to take (a photo); to record (video, audio, etc.); to make (a film)
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to bring; to take (something) along; to fetch; to get
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
representative; representation; delegation; switchboard number; main number
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
doing something separately (from the group); going off on one's own
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
travel; trip; journey; excursion; tour
scenery; scene; landscape; scene (e.g. of a crime)
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to turn; to revolve; to visit several places; to function well; to pass a certain time
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
action; conduct; behaviour; behavior; mobilization; mobilisation
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement